Have you had it with timed tests, which present a number of concerns and limitations? Try a variety of alternative assessments from this sampling that allows teachers to accurately and appropriately measure childre's fact fluency.

Supplementary Materials

    • Supplemental Materials (DOC 1.44 MB)

Contributor Notes

Gina Kling, gina.garzakling@wmich.edu, of Western Michigan University and Jennifer M. Bay-Williams, j.baywilliams@louisville.edu, of the University of Louisville, share enthusiasm for helping children develop fluency with their basic facts. The authors thank Meaghan Gorzenski of St. Monica School and Vicky Kudwa of St. Augustine Cathedral School in Kalamazoo, Michigan, and their first-grade students for their contributions to this article.

(Corresponding author is Kling gina.garzakling@wmich.edu)
(Corresponding author is Bay-Williams j.baywilliams@louisville.edu)
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