In an earlier study Damarin (1977) reported on the performance of subjects who were asked to judge the truth or falsity of compound statements concerning membership of elements in pictured sets. More than 90% of these subjects—preservice elementary teachers—were found to treat both conditional and biconditional statements as conjunctions. Roughly half the population also treated the disjunction as a conjunction, whereas less than a third handled it correctly as “inclusive or”; only one subject treated the “or” exclusively.